Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instruments
Sun light or artificially generated electromagnetic waves consists of waves of different lengths. The spectrum of an electromagnetic wave is as […]
Surveying is the art of making measurements of objects on, above or beneath the ground to show their relative positions on paper. The relative position required is either horizontal, or vertical, or both. Less precisely the term Surveying is used to the measurement of objects in their horizontal positions. Measurements to deteremine their relative vertical positions is known as levelling.
Sun light or artificially generated electromagnetic waves consists of waves of different lengths. The spectrum of an electromagnetic wave is as […]
It is combination of EDM instrument and electronic theodolite. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage
The station points used in surveying are to be identified before executing any project: For this purpose, surveyors used permanent
After completing field work in chain survey and compass survey lot of office work is involved to prepare the plan of
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation. Such lines are drawn on the plan of
Contouring needs the determination of elevation of various points on the ground and at the same the horizontal positions of
If the area is bound by straight edges, it can be subdivided in a set of convenient figures and area calculated.
If map of an area is available its area can be found by the following methods: (i) Approximate methods (ii)
The following three methods are available for computation of volumes: (i) From cross-sections (ii) From spot levels and (iii) From
Remote sensing may be defined as art and science of collecting informations about objects, area or phenomenon without having physical