Heating and Air Conditioning
Most manufacturers of air-conditioning equipment allow space in the air-handling compartment for the installation of a humidification unit and a heating […]
Building Design and Construction
Sociological changes, new technology in industry and commerce, new building codes, other new laws and regulations, inflationary economies of nations, and advances in building technology place an ever-increasing burden on building designers
and constructors. They need more and more knowledge and skill to cope with the demands placed on them.
The public continually demands more complex buildings than in the past. They must serve more purposes, last longer, and require less maintenance and repair. As in the past, they must look attractive. Yet, both building construction and operating
costs must be kept within acceptable limits or new construction will cease.
To meet this challenge successfully, continual improvements in building design and construction must be made. Building designers and constructors should be alert to these advances and learn how to apply them skillfully.
One advance of note to building design is the adaptation of operations research, or systems design, developed around the middle of the twentieth century and originally
applied with noteworthy results to design of machines and electronic equipment.
In the past, design of a new building was mainly an imitation of the design of an existing building. Innovations were often developed fortuitously and by intuition and were rare occurrences. In contrast, systems design encourages innovation.
It is a precise procedure that guides creativity toward the best decisions. As a result, it can play a significant role in meeting the challenges posed by increasing building complexity and costs. The basic principles of systems design are presented
in this section.
Heat Gains
These differ from heat losses only by the direction of the heat flow. Thus, the methods discussed in Art. 13.7 for
Heat Losses
Methods and principles for calculation of heat losses are presented in Art 13.3. These methods provide a rational procedure for
Heating-Load-Calculation Example
As an example of the method described for sizing a heating plant, let us take the building shown in Fig. 13.3.
Health Requirements for Plumbing
Plumbing codes place strict constraints on plumbing installations in the interest of public health. Following are typical basic provisions: All buildings
Heavy-Duty Floor Finishes
Floor surfaces highly resistant to abrasion and impact are required for many industrial and commercial uses. Such surfaces are usually built
Helpful Hints for Noise Control
A building encloses a myriad of activities and the equipment used in those activities. It is imperative that designers and
Heat Treatment and Hardening of Steels
Heat-treated and hardened steels are sometimes required in building operations. The most familiar heat treatment is annealing, a reheating operation in
Gypsumboard Finishes
To avoid construction delays due to the necessity of mixing plaster ingredients with water on the building site and, after application,