Effects of Steel Production Methods
The processing of steels after conversion of pig iron to steel in a furnace has an important influence on the characteristics […]
Effects of Hot Rolling
While plates and shapes for construction applications can be obtained from processes other than casting and rolling of ingots, such as
Effects of Punching and Shearing
Punching holes and shearing during fabrication are cold-working operations that can cause brittle failure. Bolt holes, for example, may be formed
Effects of Codes and Regulations on Hardware
Building codes, NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, and the Life Safety Code promulgated by the National Fire Protection
Effects of Climate
The climate in the region where the roof will be constructed often plays a key role in design of the roof
Effects of Roof Size, Shape, and Slope
Roof size and shape often dictate material and system selection. For example, if the roof is only 2 or 3 ft
Effects of Rooftop Traffic
If there will be periodic traffic on a roof; for example, to maintain mechanical equipment, traffic walkway pads should be specified
Effects of local site conditions on ground motions
Geotechnical and structural engineers must take into account two fundamental characteristics of earthquake shaking: 1) how ground shaking propagates through the
Effects of local site conditions on ground motions Read Post »
Effects of shrinkage of concrete and of temperature
In the fairly dry environment of a building, an unrestrained concrete slab could be expected to shrink by 0.03% of its
Effects of shrinkage of concrete and of temperature Read Post »