A gravity retaining wall is 10 ft high with sand backfill. The backface of the wall is vertical. Given 8= 20°, and 0 = 40°, determine the total passive thrust using Eq. (11.76) and Fig. 11.24 for a plane failure. What is the passive thrust for a curved surface of failure? Assume y= 18.5 kN/m3.
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