Client Objectives for Buildings
Building types, time schedules, building attitudes, and legal and economic conditions affect relations with the four major client types for whom […]
Building Design and Construction
Sociological changes, new technology in industry and commerce, new building codes, other new laws and regulations, inflationary economies of nations, and advances in building technology place an ever-increasing burden on building designers
and constructors. They need more and more knowledge and skill to cope with the demands placed on them.
The public continually demands more complex buildings than in the past. They must serve more purposes, last longer, and require less maintenance and repair. As in the past, they must look attractive. Yet, both building construction and operating
costs must be kept within acceptable limits or new construction will cease.
To meet this challenge successfully, continual improvements in building design and construction must be made. Building designers and constructors should be alert to these advances and learn how to apply them skillfully.
One advance of note to building design is the adaptation of operations research, or systems design, developed around the middle of the twentieth century and originally
applied with noteworthy results to design of machines and electronic equipment.
In the past, design of a new building was mainly an imitation of the design of an existing building. Innovations were often developed fortuitously and by intuition and were rare occurrences. In contrast, systems design encourages innovation.
It is a precise procedure that guides creativity toward the best decisions. As a result, it can play a significant role in meeting the challenges posed by increasing building complexity and costs. The basic principles of systems design are presented
in this section.
Color Rendering with Lighting
A black body is colorless. When increasing heat is applied to such a body, it eventually develops a deep red glow,
Client-A/E Agreement
Although verbal contracts can be considered legal, a formal written document is the preferred way to contract for professional services to
Classification of Vertical Circulation Systems
Vertical circulation systems may be divided into two classes. Class I systems are intended for movement of both people and goods
Circuit and Conductor Calculations
Equations (15.27) and (15.28) contain a factor R that represents the resistance in ohms to direct current of 1 mil-ft
Chimneys and Fireplaces
Minimum requirements for chimneys may be obtained from local building codes or any model building code. In brief, chimneys should extend
Chemical Cooling
When the dew point of the conditions to be maintained is 45F or less, the method of controlling temperature and humidity
Characteristics of Preengineered Steel Buildings
These structures eliminate the need for engineers and architects to design and detail both the structures and the required accessories and
Characteristics of Preengineered Steel Buildings Read Post »
Characteristics of Lighting Fixtures
A lighting fixture is that component of a luminaire that holds the lamps, serves as a protective enclosure, or housing, delivers