Development, Anchorage, and Splices of Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement must be bonded to the concrete sufficiently so that the steel will yield before it is freed from the […]
Development, Anchorage, and Splices of Reinforcement Read Post »
Building Design and Construction
Sociological changes, new technology in industry and commerce, new building codes, other new laws and regulations, inflationary economies of nations, and advances in building technology place an ever-increasing burden on building designers
and constructors. They need more and more knowledge and skill to cope with the demands placed on them.
The public continually demands more complex buildings than in the past. They must serve more purposes, last longer, and require less maintenance and repair. As in the past, they must look attractive. Yet, both building construction and operating
costs must be kept within acceptable limits or new construction will cease.
To meet this challenge successfully, continual improvements in building design and construction must be made. Building designers and constructors should be alert to these advances and learn how to apply them skillfully.
One advance of note to building design is the adaptation of operations research, or systems design, developed around the middle of the twentieth century and originally
applied with noteworthy results to design of machines and electronic equipment.
In the past, design of a new building was mainly an imitation of the design of an existing building. Innovations were often developed fortuitously and by intuition and were rare occurrences. In contrast, systems design encourages innovation.
It is a precise procedure that guides creativity toward the best decisions. As a result, it can play a significant role in meeting the challenges posed by increasing building complexity and costs. The basic principles of systems design are presented
in this section.
Design Values for Lumber and Timber
Design values for an extensive range of sawn lumber and timber are tabulated in the supplement to the National Design Specification
Design Requirements for Columns
The ACI 318 Building Code contains the following principal design requirements for columns, in addition to the basic assumptions (Art. 9.82):
Design Provisions for Flexural Members
Design of flexural members requires consideration primarily of bending and shear strength, deflection, and end bearing. Strength of Flexural Members The
Design Values for Mechanical Connections
Nails, staples, spikes, wood screws, bolts, and timber connectors, such as shear plates and split rings, are used for connections in
Design Procedure for Prestressed-Concrete Beams
Beam design involves choice of shape and dimensions of the concrete member, positioning of the tendons, and selection of amount of
Design of Timber Arches
Arches typically are made of glued-laminated timber and may be two-hinged, with hinges at each base, or three-hinged with a hinge
Design of One-Way Concrete-Joist Construction
One-way concrete joists must have adequate structural strength, and crack control and deflection must be satisfactory under service loads. Approximate methods
Design of Open-Web Steel Joists
Currently, open-web steel joists are still relatively small, parallel-chord trusses, but hot-rolled steel shapes usually make up the components. (For