Ceramic tile is a burned-clay product used primarily for decorative and sanitary effects. It is composed of a clay body on which is superimposed a decorative glaze.
The tiles are usually flat but vary in size from about 1â„2 in square to more than 6 in. Their shape is also widely variable squares, rectangles, and hexagons are the predominating forms, to which must be added coved moldings and other decorative forms. These tiles are not dependent on the color of the clay for their final color, since they are usually glazed. Hence, they are available in a complete color gradation from pure whites through pastels of varying hue to deep solid colors and jet blacks.
Properties of the base vary somewhat. In particular, absorption ranges from almost zero to about 15%. The glaze is required to be impervious to liquids and should not stain, crack, or craze.
Ceramic tiles are applied on a solid backing by means of a mortar or adhesive.
They are usually applied with the thinnest possible mortar joint; consequently accuracy of dimensions is of greatest importance. Since color, size, and shape of tile are important, selection of tile should be based on the current literature of the manufacturer.
