Most standard fire tests on structural-steel members and assemblies have been conducted at one of two places the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, D.C., or the Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, Ill. Fire-testing laboratories also are available at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Laboratory test reports form the basis for establishing ratings. Summaries of these tests, together with tabulation of recognized ratings, are published by a number of organizations listed below. The trade associations, for the most part, limit their ratings to those constructions employing the material they represent.