Errors in Plane Table Surveying
The errors may be grouped into the instrumental and personal errors. Instrumental Errors 1. The surface of plane table not […]
Estimating extension of time
Failure to complete in time may make the contractor liable to pay liquidated damages, as specified in the contract, to
Estimating delay costs
The cost which has to be evaluated due to delay to a contractor varies according to whether or not the
Erection Tolerances
Dimensional variations in the field often are a consequence of permissible variations in rolling of steel and in shop fabrication. Limits
Esthetic Considerations
While esthetics typically is not of concern for low-slope roofs, it generally is with steep-slope roofs. For some low-slope roofs,
Estimating Gas Consumption
Use the manufacturers Btu rating of the appliances and the heating value of the gas to determine the flow required, ft3
Escalators
Escalators, or powered stairs, are used when it is necessary to move large numbers of people from floor to floor. They
Estimating Direct Costs
Methods for preparing an estimate of direct costs may be based on either or both of two approaches: industry, or facility,
Estimating Contingency Costs
These are the costs that must be added to the initially calculated costs to take into account events that are highly