Pipe Materials
Several pipe materials are acceptable to WSDOT, depending on the pipe classification (see the Standard Specifications). WSDOT’s policy is to […]
Stress Strain Relations
As stated in previous chapters, the deformations of soils are determined by the effective stresses, which are a measure for
Flow Towards Wells
For the theoretical analysis of groundwater flow several computational methods are available, analytical or numerical. Studying groundwater flow is of
Flow under a structure
As an example the flow under a structure will be considered, see Figure10.2. In this case a sluice has been
Floatation
In the previous chapter it has been seen that under certain conditions the effective stresses in the soil may be
Falling head test
For soils of low permeability, such as clay, the normal permeability test shown in Figure 7.1 is not suitable, because
Permeability test
In the previous chapter Darcy’s law for the flow of a fluid through a porous medium has been formulated, in
Darcy’s law
Hydrostatics As already mentioned in earlier chapters, the stress distribution in groundwater at rest follows the rules of hydrostatics. More
Stresses in a layer of soils
In many places on earth the soil consists of practically horizontal layers. If such a soil does not carry a