Air-Stabilized Structures
A true membrane is able to withstand tension but is completely unable to resist bending. Although it is highly efficient structurally, […]
Allowable Stresses at Service Loads
At service loads and up to cracking loads, straight-line theory may be used for computing stresses in prestressed beams with the
Allowable Stresses in Masonry
In determining stresses in masonry, effects of loads should be computed on actual dimensions, not nominal. Except for engineered masonry, the
Air-Distribution Temperature for Cooling
The air-distribution system is the critical part of an air-conditioning system. If insufficient air is circulated, proper cooling cannot be done.
Air-Water Systems
An alternative to the air-to-air systems described in Art. 13.31, air-water systems furnish chilled water from a remote chiller or central
Alkalis in Portland cement
The predominant source of alkalis in concrete is the Portland cement. As noted in Chapter 2, Portland cement contains relatively
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR)
Briefly, alkali-silica reaction is a reaction between the alkali hydroxides in the pore solution of concrete and thermodynamically unstable silica
Alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR)
The alkali-carbonate reaction occurs between alkali hydroxides and certain argillaceous dolomitic limestones; these dolomites are characterized by a matrix of