Chain and Compass Surveying Field Work
In compass survey chain or tape is used for linear measurement. If the surveying starts from a station, goes round […]
Changes in Carbon Steels on Heating and Cooling
As pointed out in Art. 1.12, heating changes the tensile properties of steels. Actually, heating changes many steel properties. Often, the
Characteristics of Beam Bridges
Rolled wide-flange shapes generally are the most economical type of construction for shortspan bridges. The beams usually are used as stringers,
Characteristics of Curved Girder Bridges
Past practice in design of new highways often located bridges first, then aligned the roadway with them. Current practice, in contrast,
Ceramic Tiles
Ceramic tile is a burned-clay product used primarily for decorative and sanitary effects. It is composed of a clay body on
Cements
The ACI 318 Building Code requires cement to conform to ASTM C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement; or ASTM C595, Standard
Central Station Supervisory Systems
Any mechanical device or system is more reliable if it is supervised or monitored. Sprinkler systems are designed to be
Changes, Claims, and Dispute Resolution
After a construction contract has been awarded to a contractor, and usually after construction has begun, it may become necessary to
Cement composites Terminology
A number of subject specific terms are useful in order to discuss concisely frc structure and behaviour. The term frc