What Constitutes the Contract Documents?
Generally, plans and specifications for a project are completed before issuance to contractors. This, however, is not always the case. For […]
What is preset during installation of bridge bearings?
Preset is a method to reduce the size of upper plates of sliding bearings in order to save the material
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What are the shortcomings of grillage analysis which is commonly used in structural analysis of bridges?
Grillage analysis suffers from the following shortcomings based on E. C. Hambly: (i) For coarse mesh, torques may not be
What are the three major types of reinforcement used in prestressing?
(i) Spalling reinforcement Spalling stresses are established behind the loaded area of anchor blocks and this causes breaking away of
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What are the major problems in using pumping for concreting works?
In pumping operation, the force exerted by pumps must overcome the friction between concrete and the pumping pipes, the weight
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What are the functions of grout inside tendon ducts?
Grout in prestressing works serves the following purposes: (i) Protect the tendon against corrosion. (ii) Improve the ultimate capacity of
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What are the disadvantages of curing by ponding and polythene sheets?
The purpose of curing is to reduce the rate of heat loss of freshly placed concrete to the atmosphere and
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What are the advantages of assigning the central pier and the abutment as fixed piers?
(i) For abutment pier to be assigned as fixed pier while the bridge is quite long, the longitudinal loads due
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What are the functions of different components of a typical expansion joint?
In a typical expansion joint, it normally contains the following components: joint sealant, joint filler, dowel bar, PVC dowel sleeve,
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