Natural Cements
Natural cements are formed by calcining a naturally occurring mixture of calcareous and argillaceous substances at a temperature below that […]
Mortars
Mortars are composed of a cementitious material, fine aggregate, sand, and water. They are used for bedding unit masonry, for
Murray Criterion for Walking Vibrations
Summary of the Criterion In the criterion presented by Murray, an acceptable steel floor system is predicted, with respect to vibration
Nails and Spikes
The National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS) provides design values and design provisions for nails, spikes, box nails, and threaded,
Nails
Wire nails, made of mild steel, are commonly used for most nailing purposes. Cylindrical in shape, they are stronger for
Need for Familiarity with Roof Design
A common pitfall for designers is lack of familiarity with the principles of roof design. This is manifested in selection of
Movement of Air with Fans
Inasmuch as most ventilation systems are designed as mechanical ventilation systems that utilize various kinds of fans, a knowledge of the
Moving Sphere Viscometer
The moving sphere viscometer (Powers 1968; Wong et al. 2000) uses the principle of Stokes law to measure the viscosity
Multiple Single-Point Tests
Instead of using one single-point test to measure workability, multiple single-point tests can be performed. For instance, ACI 309.1R-93 describes