Marine structures exposed to substantial lateral and uplift forces from berthing operations and wave action demand deeper pile foundations. However, driving piles with closed ends to such depths can lead to premature refusal, leaving insufficient soil cover to provide adequate lateral and uplift resistance.
To overcome this challenge, engineers often utilize open-ended tubular piles. This design allows the piles to penetrate deeper into the seabed, bypassing potential obstructions and ensuring they reach a depth where sufficient soil friction can be developed to withstand the imposed forces.
By employing open-ended tubular piles, marine structures can achieve the necessary foundation depth to ensure stability and resilience against the harsh marine environment.