In the realm of marine engineering, the selection of appropriate fenders plays a crucial role in safeguarding both vessels and berthing structures during docking operations. Two primary types of fenders, surface-protecting and energy-absorbing, offer distinct advantages depending on the specific application.
Surface-protecting fenders, as the name suggests, prioritize the protection of the berthing structure’s surface. They achieve this by generating high reaction forces upon impact, effectively deflecting the vessel away and minimizing contact. This is particularly suitable for solid berth structures, such as concrete quays or wharves, which can withstand the high reaction forces without sustaining damage.
On the other hand, energy-absorbing fenders focus on absorbing the kinetic energy of the berthing vessel, thereby reducing the impact transmitted to the structure. These fenders typically deform under load, dissipating energy and minimizing the risk of damage to both the vessel and the berthing structure. This type of fender is ideal for open berth structures, like dolphins or piers, which are more susceptible to damage from excessive loads.
The fundamental function of fenders is to absorb berthing energy and distribute the resulting forces to the structure without causing harm. Therefore, the choice between surface-protecting and energy-absorbing fenders depends on the specific characteristics of the berthing structure and the anticipated berthing conditions.
For solid, robust structures, surface-protecting fenders are often adequate, as they can handle high loads without compromising the structure’s integrity. Conversely, for more flexible open berth structures, energy-absorbing fenders are preferred to minimize the impact and ensure the longevity of the structure.
Ultimately, a thorough understanding of the berthing structure’s design and the expected operational conditions is essential for selecting the most appropriate fender type. By carefully balancing surface protection and energy absorption, engineers can ensure safe and efficient docking operations while preserving the integrity of both vessels and berthing structures.