Walls
Walls are built to partition living area into different parts. They impart privacy and protection against temperature, rain and theft. Walls […]
Super Structures
The portion above the ground level and below the ground floor level is known as plinth. The portion above the ground floor level is known as super structure. It includes walls, columns, beams, floors,
roofs, doors, windows, lintels, staircases etc. In this chapter types of super structures based on the method of load transfer is first presented and then the various components are discussed giving their functions and types.
Types of Super Structures Based on the Method of Load Transfer
On this basis there are two types 1. Load Bearing Structures 2. Framed Structures. 1. Load Bearing Structures: In this
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Stone Masonry
Masonry means construction of buildings using building blocks like stone, bricks, concrete blocks etc. Masonry is used for the construction
Stairs
Stairs give access from floor to floor. The space/room housing stairs is called staircase. Stairs consists of a number of
Roof
Roof is the upper most portion of the building which protects the building from rain, wind and sun. Various types
Pointing
Instead of plastering entire surface of the masonry, special mortar finishing work is done to the exposed joints. This is
Plastering
Applying mortar coats on the surfaces of walls, columns, ceiling etc. to get smooth finish is termed as plastering. Mortar used
Lintels
Lintel is a horizontal flexural member which spans over the openings in the walls for doors, windows, ventilators, cupboards etc. The
Flooring
Purpose of flooring is to get a good hard, level and beautiful surface for living. The floors directly resting on the