Rolled Sections
Hot-rolled sections produced by rolling mills and delivered to the fabricator include the following designations: W shapes, wide-flange shapes with essentially […]
Structural Steel
Rolled Shapes
Hot-rolled, wide-flange steel shapes are the most commonly used members for multistory steel-framed construction. These shapes, which are relatively simple
Restraint Loads
This type of loading is caused by changes in dimensions or geometry of structures or members due to the behavior of
Resistance to Longitudinal Forces
Acceleration and braking of vehicular loads, and longitudinal wind, apply longitudinal loads to bridges. In highway bridges, the magnitudes of these
Repetitive Loadings
Most structural damage to steel bridges is the result of repetitive loading from trucks or wind. Often, the damage is caused
Residual Stresses
Stresses that remain in structural members after rolling or fabrication are known as residual stresses. The magnitude of the stresses is
Repeated Loads
Some structures are subjected to repeated loads that vary in magnitude and direction. If the resulting stresses are sufficiently large
Relative Cost of Structural Steels
Because of the many strength levels and grades now available, designers usually must investigate several steels to determine the most
Reference Materials
Besides the Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges and the LRFD Bridge Design Specifications referred to frequently in preceding articles, the American