Characteristics of Beam Bridges
Rolled wide-flange shapes generally are the most economical type of construction for shortspan bridges. The beams usually are used as stringers, […]
Structural Analysis
Characteristics of Curved Girder Bridges
Past practice in design of new highways often located bridges first, then aligned the roadway with them. Current practice, in contrast,
Changes in Carbon Steels on Heating and Cooling
As pointed out in Art. 1.12, heating changes the tensile properties of steels. Actually, heating changes many steel properties. Often, the
Casting and Hot Rolling
Today, the continuous casting process is used to produce semifinished products directly from liquid steel, thus eliminating the ingot molds and
Castellated Beams
A special fabrication technique is applied to wide-flange shapes to produce castellated beams. This technique consists of cutting the web
Carbon-Steel or Unfinished (Machine) Bolts
Secondary connections may be made with unfinished bolts conforming to the Specifications for Low-carbon Steel ASTM A307 is an often-used specification.
Cast-in-Place Concrete Slabs
Use of cast-in-place concrete for floor decks in steel-framed construction is a traditional approach that was much more prevalent prior to
Castiglianos Theorems
If strain energy U, as defined in Art. 3.23, is expressed as a function of external forces, the partial derivative
Calculation of Reactions in Statically Determinate Systems
For statically determinate systems, reactions can be determined from equilibrium equations [Eq. (3.11) or (3.12)]. For example, in the planar
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