Hanger Connections
In buildings, end connections for hangers should be designed for the full loads on the hangers. In trusses, however, the […]
Structural Analysis
Gypsum-Concrete Decks
Poured gypsum concrete is typically used in conjunction with steel bulb tees, formboards, and galvanized reinforcing mesh (Fig. 8.14). Drainage
Hardness Tests
In the Brinell hardness test, a small spherical ball of specified size is forced into a flat steel specimen by
Guidelines for Preliminary Designs and Estimates
The usual procedure followed by most designers in preliminary designs of bridges involves the following steps: 1. Preliminary layout of
Guidelines for Preliminary Designs and Estimates Read Post »
Geometric Stiffness Matrix Method for Second-Order Effects
The conventional matrix stiffness method of analysis (Art. 3.39) may be modified to include directly the influences of second-order effects
Geometric Stiffness Matrix Method for Second-Order Effects Read Post »
General Second-Order Effects
A column unrestrained at one end with length L and subjected to horizontal load H and vertical load P (Fig.
General Material Nonlinear Effects
Most structural steels can undergo large deformations before rupturing. For example, yielding in ASTM A36 steel begins at a strain
General Concepts of Structural Dynamics
There are many types of dynamic loads. Periodic loads vary cyclically with time. Nonperiodic loads do not have a specific
General Design Provisions
The general rules that follow are based on the AREMA Manual. They should be used where applicable but may be